{"id":3148,"date":"2019-08-28T21:32:12","date_gmt":"2019-08-28T13:32:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/general.dale.nthu.edu.tw\/?p=3148"},"modified":"2019-08-28T21:32:13","modified_gmt":"2019-08-28T13:32:13","slug":"%e5%9c%96%e7%95%ab%e6%9b%b8%e7%9a%84%e9%87%8d%e8%a6%81%e6%80%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/general.dale.nthu.edu.tw\/?p=3148","title":{"rendered":"\u5716\u756b\u66f8\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u7d66\u5b69\u5b50\u8b80\u66f8\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u597d\u8655\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u4fc3\u9032\u8a9e\u8a00\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u63d0\u9ad8\u8b80\u5beb\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u9019\u5c0d\u4f60\u4f86\u8aaa\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u65b0\u805e\u3002\u6839\u64daScholastic 2016\u5e74\u7684\u7d71\u8a08\u6578\u64da\uff0c62%\u76843 \u2013 5\u6b72\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u7236\u6bcd\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u6642\u9593\u90fd\u5728\u7d66\u5b69\u5b50\u8b80\u66f8\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6578\u5b69\u5b50\u8aaa\u4ed6\u5011\u559c\u6b61\u548c\u7236\u6bcd\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u9019\u6bb5\u7279\u6b8a\u6642\u9593\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u7d66\u5b78\u9f61\u524d\u5152\u7ae5\u8b80\u66f8\u6709\u660e\u986f\u7684\u597d\u8655\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u8b49\u64da\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u7d66\u5b30\u5152\u8b80\u66f8\u4e5f\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u7d66\u65b0\u751f\u5152\u8b80\u66f8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u5152\u79d1\u5b78\u6703\u5efa\u8b70\u7236\u6bcd\u61c9\u8a72\u5118\u5feb\u958b\u59cb\u7d66\u5b30\u5152\u95b1\u8b80(High et al.\uff0c 2014)\u3002\u9019\u4e00\u5efa\u8b70\u57fa\u65bc\u4e00\u9805\u7d93\u5178\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u8a72\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u7236\u6bcd\u8207\u5b69\u5b50\u4ea4\u8ac7\u6b21\u6578\u591a\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u5728\u5b78\u6821\u6bd4\u7236\u6bcd\u8207\u5b69\u5b50\u4ea4\u8ac7\u6b21\u6578\u5c11\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u66f4\u6709\u512a\u52e2(Hart & Risley, 1995)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u95dc\u9375\u7684\u5340\u5225\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5728\u65bc\uff0c\u7576\u7236\u6bcd\u5927\u8072\u5c0d\u5b69\u5b50\u8aaa\u8a71\u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u6240\u63a5\u89f8\u5230\u7684\u8a5e\u5f59\u91cf\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u512a\u52e2\u5728\u5b69\u5b50\u5169\u6b72\u7684\u6642\u5019\u5c31\u5f88\u660e\u986f\u4e86;\u9019\u500b\u5e74\u9f61\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u572818\u500b\u6708\u5927\u7684\u6642\u5019\u7236\u6bcd\u8ddf\u4ed6\u5011\u8aaa\u8a71\u66f4\u591a\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u57282\u6b72\u7684\u6642\u5019\u5c31\u80fd\u7406\u89e3\u4e26\u8f38\u51fa\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u55ae\u8a5e(Hurtado, Marchman\uff0c & Fernald, 2008)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u8207\u5b69\u5b50\u4ea4\u8ac7\uff0c\u5927\u8072\u6717\u8b80\u9084\u53ef\u80fd\u8b93\u5b69\u5b50\u63a5\u89f8\u5230\u7236\u6bcd\u4e0d\u7d93\u5e38\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u8ac7\u8a71\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u65b0\u55ae\u8a5e\u548c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u55ae\u8a5e\u3002\u6cbf\u8457\u9019\u4e9b\u601d\u8def\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5b30\u5152\u8f38\u51fa\u548c\u7406\u89e3\u55ae\u8a5e\u7684\u6578\u91cf\u662f\u7531\u7d66\u4ed6\u5011\u8b80\u4e86\u591a\u5c11\u4f86\u9810\u6e2c\u7684(\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cRobb, Richert, Wartella, 2009)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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\u70ba\u4e86\u6e2c\u8a66\u9019\u7a2e\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u54e1\u8981\u6c42\u61f7\u5b557\u500b\u6708\u7684\u5973\u6027\u5728\u61f7\u5b55\u7d50\u675f\u524d\uff0c\u6bcf\u5929\u5169\u6b21\u5c0d\u8457\u809a\u5b50\u8b80\u300a\u6234\u5e3d\u5b50\u7684\u8c93\u300b\u3002\u7576\u9019\u4e9b\u5b30\u5152\u51fa\u751f\u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u66f4\u559c\u6b61\u807d\u6234\u5e3d\u5b50\u7684\u8c93\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u5b30\u5152\u5728\u4e00\u6b72\u751f\u65e5\u5f8c\u4e0d\u4e45\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f9e\u6545\u4e8b\u4e2d\u5b78\u7fd2\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u55ae\u8a5e\u3002\u5728\u5716\u756b\u66f8\u4e2d\u807d\u5230\u4e00\u500b\u65b0\u5c0d\u8c61\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u5f8c\uff0c15\u523018\u500b\u6708\u5927\u7684\u5b30\u5152\u80fd\u5920\u5c07\u9019\u500b\u65b0\u540d\u5b57\u8f49\u79fb\u5230\u4e00\u500b\u771f\u5be6\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\u4e0a\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8f49\u79fb\u5230\u5c0d\u8c61\u7684\u5716\u756b\u4e0a(Ganea, Pickard\uff0c & DeLoache, 2008)\u3002\u904e\u4e00\u9663\u5b50\uff0c\u5b30\u5152\u4e5f\u80fd\u5f9e\u66f8\u4e2d\u5b78\u7fd2\u65b0\u7684\u52d5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u4e00\u9805\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u54e1\u541118\u81f330\u500b\u6708\u5927\u7684\u5b30\u5152\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u672c\u66f8\uff0c\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u5c07\u5e7e\u500b\u7269\u9ad4\u7d44\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u5275\u9020\u51fa\u65b0\u7684\u6771\u897f\u3002\u901a\u904e\u95b1\u8b80\u6545\u4e8b\u66f8\uff0c\u5b30\u5152\u80fd\u5920\u5b78\u6703\u5982\u4f55\u6210\u529f\u5730\u7d44\u5408\u6416\u97ff\u5668\u7684\u591a\u500b\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4e26\u6a21\u4eff\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u52d5\u4f5c\uff0c\u9019\u8868\u660e\u57282\u6b72\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5b30\u5152\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u904e\u7c21\u77ed\u800c\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u66f8\u4e92\u52d5\u4f86\u5b78\u7fd2\u55ae\u8a5e\u548c\u52d5\u4f5c(Simcock & DeLoache, 2006)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9664\u4e86\u8a9e\u8a00\u548c\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u5230\u4e86\u5b78\u9f61\u524d\uff0c\u5b69\u5b50\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f9e\u6545\u4e8b\u66f8\u4e2d\u5b78\u7fd2\u5230\u76f8\u7576\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u9805\u7814\u7a76\u5831\u544a\u7a31\uff0c\u4e00\u672c\u77ed\u7bc7\u6545\u4e8b\u66f8\u53ef\u4ee5\u6559\u6703\u5b69\u5b50\u5011\u95dc\u65bc\u52d5\u7269\u507d\u88dd\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u3002\u5728\u9019\u9805\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u54e1\u7d663\u6b72\u548c4\u6b72\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u8b80\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u95dc\u65bc\u52d5\u7269\u507d\u88dd\u5982\u4f55\u5e6b\u52a9\u4ed6\u5011\u8eb2\u907f\u5371\u96aa\u6355\u98df\u8005\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u3002\u5f8c\u4f86\uff0c\u7576\u88ab\u554f\u53ca\u9951\u9913\u7684\u9ce5\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u5403\u54ea\u7a2e\u52d5\u7269\u6642\uff0c\u5b69\u5b50\u5011\u80fd\u5920\u63a8\u65b7\u51fa\u4e00\u53ea\u68d5\u8272\u7684\u507d\u88dd\u8725\u8734\u6703\u85cf\u8d77\u4f86\u4e0d\u88ab\u9ce5\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u8272\u5f69\u9bae\u8c54\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u66f4\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u5403\u6389(Ganea, Ma\uff0c & DeLoache, 2011)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7a0d\u5927\u4e00\u9ede\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f9e\u4e00\u672c\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u66f8\u4e2d\u5b78\u7fd2\u81ea\u7136\u9078\u64c7\u548c\u9032\u5316\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u9805\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u7d665\u6b72\u548c6\u6b72\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u4ecb\u7d39\u865b\u69cb\u7684\u52d5\u7269\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u52d5\u7269\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u9032\u5316\u51fa\u7626\u5c0f\u9f3b\u5b50\u7684Piloses\u3002\u5728\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b69\u5b50\u5011\u88ab\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u95dc\u65bcPiloses\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u8a31\u591a\u4ee3\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7de9\u6162\u8b8a\u5316\u7684\u8a73\u7d30\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u901a\u904e\u95b1\u8b80\u9019\u672c\u66f8\uff0c\u5e74\u9f61\u8f03\u5c0f\u548c\u8f03\u5927\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u90fd\u77ad\u89e3\u5230\uff0c\u9069\u61c9\u6d89\u53ca\u4e00\u500b\u5f88\u9577\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5b58\u6d3b\u7387\u548c\u7e41\u6b96\u7387\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u751a\u81f3\u80fd\u5728\u4e09\u500b\u6708\u5f8c\u56de\u61b6\u8d77\u9019\u4e9b\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u80fd\u904b\u7528\u5230\u4e00\u500b\u65b0\u7684\u7269\u7a2e\u4e0a\uff08Kelemen, Emmons, Seston Schillaci, & Ganea, 2014\uff0c\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7db2\u4e0a\u8cfc\u8cb7\u9019\u672c\u66f8\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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